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How to Perform Due Diligence on Properties

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(From a CRE Professional Who’s Learned the Hard Way) 

If there’s one lesson the Commercial Real Estate (CRE) business has taught me over and over, it’s this: due diligence can make or break your success. 

When I first started out, I thought due diligence was just a checklist. Look at the title, check the zoning, order an inspection and boom, you’re good to go, right? 
Wrong. 

Over the years (and yes, a few hard lessons), I’ve learned that true due diligence is an art and a discipline. It’s about uncovering the story behind the property and making sure that story aligns with your investment goals or your client’s objectives. 
 
Recent disputes in commercial real estate have been widely reported and exercising due diligence could have saved a lot of resources from all parties involved. One recent example: last March, Wells Fargo, acting as trustee for investors, filed a lawsuit in the Southern District of New York against JPMorgan Chase over a $481 million commercial real estate loan used to finance the Chetrit Group’s 2019 acquisition of 43 multifamily properties across ten U.S. states. Wells Fargo alleged that JPMorgan and Chetrit knowingly misrepresented the net operating income of the properties by inflating it by 25% at closing, which led to significant investor losses after the loan defaulted in 2022, and is seeking either a repurchase of the loan or damages for breach of contract. This example is a huge picture that can be dissected to reflect a close-up view of investment issues around us. Today, I want to walk you through how I guide my team to perform bulletproof due diligence the same process I use myself every time.

1. Start Before You Go Under Contract

One of the biggest rookie mistakes is thinking that due diligence starts after you sign a purchase agreement. 
The truth? Pre-contract due diligence is your first line of defense. 

Here’s what I check before even drafting an offer: 

  • Market fundamentals 

What’s happening with rents, vacancy rates, and comparable sales? According to CBRE’s 2024 U.S. Real Estate Market Outlook, industrial rents are projected to grow by 5.6% this year, but office vacancies are rising to record levels in many cities. 

  • Location risks 

Is the area prone to flooding, environmental contamination, or new regulations? 

  • Preliminary title review 

Sometimes a simple online search reveals liens or ownership issues. 

Pro Tip: A quick conversation with the city’s zoning and planning department and a review of the property through the use of online tools can save you weeks of headaches down the road. 

 

2. Dive Deep into the Financials

This is where we separate the professionals from the amateurs. 

I personally go through every single line of the rent roll and operating statements because sellers don’t always tell you the whole story and sometimes, they don’t even realize the full story themselves. 

Key areas I focus on: 

  • Income Consistency: Are tenants paying on time? Any rent concessions? 
  • Expense Validation: I verify taxes, insurance, utilities, maintenance, and management fees independently, not just taking the seller’s word for it. 
  • Capital Expenditures (CapEx): What major repairs are coming up? Roofs, HVAC, parking lots these aren’t cheap. 

Statistics: According to NAIOP research, unplanned CapEx can reduce investor returns by up to 17% if not properly budgeted during acquisition. 

Pro Tip: Always ask for utility bills, service contracts, and property tax bills from the last 2-3 years to get a real financial picture. And always ask the ownership is there anything else. 

 

3. Physical Inspections: Look Beyond the Surface

A property might look great in a polished brochure, but you need boots on the ground. 

When I advise younger brokers and investors, I tell them: 

Inspect the roof. It’s often the most expensive component to replace. 

Check drainage and grading. Water issues can cause structural damage. 

Review mechanical systems. HVAC, plumbing, electrical get specialists to assess them. 

 

Pro Tip: Walk the property at different times of day. What feels safe at noon might feel sketchy at 8 PM. 

 

4. Legal and Title Review: Protect Yourself at All Costs

Never and I mean never cut corners on title review. 

At minimum, I insist on: 

  • Title insurance with extended coverage. 
  • Review of all easements, restrictions, and encroachments. 
  • Survey updates I once caught a neighbor’s fence encroaching six feet onto a property a nightmare waiting to happen. 

Pro Tip: If there’s even a hint of environmental issues (former gas stations, dry cleaners, industrial use), require a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment. 

Fact: The EPA estimates that environmental cleanup costs can exceed $250,000 for even moderate contamination sites. Without due diligence, that cost may become your liability 

5. Tenant and Lease Due Diligence (For Income Properties)

If you’re buying a leased property, the real asset isn’t just the building, it’s the leases. 

Here’s what I verify: 

  • Lease abstracts: Summarize critical lease terms: rent, expiration, renewal options, CAM charges. 
  • Estoppel certificates: These documents, signed by tenants, confirm lease details and current status. 
  • Tenant creditworthiness: For major tenants, I run credit checks or request financials. 

Data Point: In a study by JLL, properties anchored by investment-grade tenants have cap rates 75–100 basis points lower than non-credit-anchored properties. 
Translation: Good tenants = higher value. 

6. Zoning, Code, and Compliance Checks

Never assume the current use is compliant just because it exists. 

I personally double-check: 

  • Current zoning and allowable uses. 
  • Any pending code violations or building department issues. 
  • Future zoning changes or area redevelopment plans. 

Example: A client of mine almost bought a warehouse building next to their residence only to find out that the warehouse was in an area zoned for residential use meaning the current use was a   “pre-existing nonconforming” use. 

That would’ve killed their long-term strategy. Due diligence saved them and their investment.

 

7. Vendor and Service Contract Review

If the property comes with maintenance contracts, property management agreements, or vendor relationships, you need to understand: 

  • Terms of cancellation. 
  • Assignability to a new owner. 
  • Potential hidden costs or liabilities. 

You’d be shocked how often small, automatic-renewal contracts turn into costly obligations after closing. 

 

8. Risk Management and Insurance Review

CRE deals are all about managing risk. 

Before closing, I make sure: 

  • Insurance is properly priced and available. 
  • The property can get flood insurance if needed. 
  • The building meets current codes to avoid “ordinance or law” gaps in coverage. 

According to Zurich Insurance, underinsured properties account for 75% of commercial property losses post-disaster. You don’t want to be in that group. 

 

Final Thoughts 

Due diligence isn’t just a box to check it’s your ultimate protection. 
It’s where deals are made, saved, or lost. 

Every hour you invest before closing is worth 10 hours of headaches (and thousands of dollars) avoided later. 

So slow down. Ask hard questions. Hire the right experts. 
Your future self and your bank account will thank you. 

Because remember: In CRE, you don’t get paid for buying properties. You get paid for buying smart properties. 


At CRE Content Pro, we help commercial real estate brokers turn industry expertise into market authority. If you’re ready to position yourself as a tech-savvy thought leader and drive real results, let’s create content that elevates your brand and closes more deals.      


References: 

  1. CBRE 2024 U.S. Real Estate Market Outlook 
  2. NAIOP Research Foundation: Unexpected Capital Expenditures Study 
  3. JLL Tenant Credit Impact Report 
  4. EPA Brownfields Program
  5. Zurich Insurance: Underinsurance Insights  

How to Perform Due Diligence on Properties